Liberal Power Europe
该文提出将欧盟理解为由自由民主国家组成的自由权力，这一概念能弥补民用权力或规范权力欧洲概念的不足，强调规范既是动力也是约束，并关注规范间的冲突，对研究欧盟危机管理有启发。
Abstract The European Union is best understood as a liberal power – as an actor that is composed of liberal democracies whose interests, identities and institutions motivate and constrain its policy. The conceptualization of the EU as a liberal power helps to overcome three shortcomings of alternative notions such as civilian power or Normative Power Europe: First, norms are not only understood as driving forces but also as constraints on foreign policy; second, liberal power Europe emphasizes the contested nature of norms and conflicts between norms and thus draws attention to the politics of EU external relations; third, it encourages an engagement with the vast literature on the distinctive policies of liberal democracies in international relations and foreign policy analysis. The EU's crisis management serves to illustrate the value‐added of the liberal power Europe concept.