Strategies in multilevel policy implementation: moving beyond the limited focus on compliance
本文提出一个概念框架，将自上而下/自下而上执行与垂直/水平多层次治理结合，衍生出四种理想类型（集权、代理化、趋同、网络化），并补充政策制定者策略选择的预期，为未来解释性研究提供路径。
Policy implementation in the European Union is most prominently analysed taking compliance as a conceptual starting point. However, compliance has an inherent top–down and state-centred bias. To overcome this limitation, a conceptual framework that links dimensions based on top–down/bottom–up implementation and vertical/horizontal multilevel governance is proposed. The thus derived four ideal-types of implementation in multilevel settings – centralization, agencification, convergence and networking – are complemented by functional expectations about policy-makers’ strategic choices over these types. A screening of existing research completes the contribution. The results show that the suggested conceptualization offers indeed a comprehensive framework to describe the implementation strategies to propose avenues for future explanatory studies on strategic choices over implementation types.