Integrating Social and Political Strategies as Forms of Reciprocal Exchange into the Analysis of Corporate Governance Modes
利用互惠概念和理论，将社会与政治策略（如向非政府组织、政治家和监管机构捐赠资源）整合进公司治理分析，通过关系模型理论和交易成本经济学解释非契约互惠，并区分互惠与贿赂。
Abstract The concept and theory of reciprocity provide fruitful ways of integrating social and political strategies because both involve donating valuable resources to non‐market recipients – mainly non‐governmental organizations, politicians and regulators – who are not contractually bound to reciprocate although a return is normally expected. Besides, we interpret the use of non‐contractual reciprocity through relational‐models theory and transaction‐cost economics. The former offers a model of ‘equality‐matching’ that corresponds to reciprocity while transaction‐cost economics’ criteria of uncertainty, frequency and asset specificity can be applied to non‐contractual relationships in order to determine their efficiency. We also differentiate reciprocity from bribery and offer research implications of the fact that goods can be obtained from others without using transactions.