Teenage Motherhood and Sibling Outcomes
利用年度纵向数据，研究发现有少女生育的家庭中，所有孩子在怀孕前几年就已处于下降轨迹；与类似轨迹但无少女生育的家庭相比，少女母亲的兄弟姐妹在婴儿出生后考试成绩更低、高中辍学率更高、青少年司法系统接触更多。
Using annual longitudinal data, I show that all children in families with teen childbearing are on a downward trajectory several years before pregnancy begins. Compared to students on similar trajectories from families without teenage childbearing, siblings of teen mothers have lower test scores, higher high school dropout, and higher juvenile justice system exposure following the birth. The change in test score outcomes occurs after the baby is born, indicating that the child's arrival affects performance, rather than some unobserved occurrence leading to both teen pregnancy and poor outcomes. The test scores for teen mothers drop in the year of pregnancy.