Innovation and entrepreneurship as strategies for success among Cuban-based firms in the late years of the transatlantic slave trade
研究了古巴企业在非法奴隶贸易中通过内部化代理网络、多元化贸易和采用技术创新来规避风险，对经济史和创业研究者有参考价值。
This article examines how Cuban-based firms and entrepreneurs circumvented ever- increasing risks in the illegal slave trade. The article sheds light to this question by analyzing new qualitative information of 65 Cuban-based firms against the Slavevoyages database. Our findings indicate that Cuban-based firms were entrepreneurial as they exploited the opportunities arising from the volatility of the slave trade by: (a) internalizing networks of agents which allowed the rapid diffusion of information, (b) diversifying trading goods and expanding the number of partnerships to reduce transaction costs and risk, and (c) adopting technological innovations that modified the design and use of vessels.