Cities, immigrant diversity, and complex problem solving
研究利用1991-2008年美国雇主-雇员匹配数据，发现城市和工作场所的移民多样性提升了从事复杂问题解决（如创新、创造力、STEM）的工人的工资，但人际互动的作用证据不一。
Recent evidence suggests that greater immigrant diversity in cities and workplaces makes workers more productive. However, even the most careful extant empirical work remains at some remove from the main mechanisms that theory says underlie this relationship: interpersonal interaction in the service of complex problem solving. This paper aims to ‘stress-test’ these theoretical foundations, by observing how the relationship between diversity and productivity varies across workers differently engaged in complex problem solving and interaction. Using a uniquely comprehensive matched employer–employee dataset for the United States starting as early as 1991 and continuing to 2008, this paper shows that growing immigrant diversity in cities and workplaces is related to higher wages for workers intensively engaged in various forms of complex problem solving, including tasks involving high levels of innovation, creativity, and STEM. Mixed evidence is found for the theory that benefits are concentrated among those whose work require problem solving as well as high levels of interpersonal interaction.