Australian squatters, convicts, and capitalists: dividing up a fast‐growing frontier pie, 1821–71
研究了1820-1870年代澳大利亚人均GDP快速增长是否导致不平等加剧，发现与库兹涅茨曲线预测相反，该时期收入经历了革命性的均等化，基于土地租金、囚犯工资、自由劳动力收入等多种不平等代理指标。
Abstract Compared with its competitors, Australian GDP per worker grew exceptionally quickly from the 1820s to the 1870s, at a rate about twice that of the US and three times that of Britain. Did this rapid growth produce rising inequality, following a Kuznets curve? Using a novel dataset, this article offers new evidence that provides unambiguous support for the view that, in sharp contrast with the US experience and with globalization‐inequality views concerning late nineteenth‐century frontiers, Australia underwent a revolutionary levelling in incomes up to the 1870s. This assessment is based on trends in many proxies for inequality, as well as annual estimates of functional income shares in the form of land rents, convict payments, free unskilled labour incomes, free skilled labour and white collar incomes, British imperial transfers, and a capitalist residual.