Tourist attractions in Bangkok and Singapore; linking vandalism and setting characteristics
本研究通过观察法审计曼谷和新加坡旅游景点的破坏情况，发现五种场所类型在损坏程度上存在系统差异，并识别出限制破坏行为的有效因素，验证了西方破坏行为理论在亚洲的适用性。
The study adopts an exacting observational approach to vandalism and its site determinants in two pivotal Asian cities, Bangkok and Singapore. The study served three goals: to develop and evaluate an observational approach to auditing the damage to tourist attractions; to link the setting characteristics to the indicators of damage; and to explore the applicability of Western constructs of vandalism and control to these Asian settings. A cluster analysis identified five kinds of sites which differed systematically in levels of disrepair and the factors influencing that damage. Sites with higher and lower levels of vandalism appeared in both cities. Powerful factors limiting damage were identified. The western site determinants for vandalism applied to the Asian settings.