Police shootings, civic unrest and student achievement: evidence from Ferguson
研究了密苏里州弗格森警察枪杀黑人青年及后续骚乱对当地小学生成绩的影响，发现骚乱导致数学和阅读成绩显著下降，长期缺勤率增加5%，且影响集中在成绩较差的学生和黑人学校。
We document externalities of the police shooting of an unarmed black teenager and the resultant civic unrest experienced in Ferguson, MO. Difference-in-differences estimates compare Ferguson-area schools to neighboring schools in the greater St. Louis area and find that the unrest led to statistically significant, arguably causal declines in elementary school students’ math and reading achievement. Attendance is one mechanism through which this effect operated, as chronic absence increased by 5% in Ferguson-area schools. Impacts were concentrated in the bottom of the achievement distribution and spilled over into majority black schools throughout the greater St. Louis area.