Making the Newest Citizens: Achieving Universal Birth Registration in Contemporary Brazil
探讨巴西政府为何过去大量穷人没有出生证明，以及近年如何通过政策转变推动全民出生登记，对研究身份证明、社会包容和公共政策的人有参考价值。
Identity documentation is essential to secure the rights, benefits, and services that modern states provide. Historically, significant numbers of poor Brazilians lacked core documents, beginning with a birth certificate. In recent years the government has conducted a campaign to rectify this situation. We explore why the state left so many Brazilians without a birth certificate previously and why it became intent on registering all births, as reflected in recent efforts to facilitate the process. Key in this regard is the movement from a social policy orientation that excluded poor Brazilians in the informal sector to one aimed at including them.