Adam Smith, natural movement and physics
论证亚当·斯密使用“自然”一词时，常与“暴力”相对，而非与“超自然”或“人为”相对；他借鉴亚里士多德对自然运动与暴力运动的区分，并将其应用于《国富论》中商品、资本和劳动力的运动分析，认为自然运动导致自然价格、自然利润率和自然工资率。
This paper argues that often when Adam Smith used the word 'natural', it was not in contradistinction to supernatural, social or artificial; but to 'violent.' Furthermore, Smith models, in part, his distinction between natural and violent on Aristotle's use. Smith explains the distinction in his study of the history of physics and astronomy. In those fields there is, at least going back to Aristotle, an idealized view of 'natural' motion or movement versus interfered or violent motion or movement, which has changed over time, particularly from ancient to classical physics and astronomy. Smith used this sense of 'natural' particularly when dealing with movement in The Wealth of Nations: especially the movement of goods, capital and labour. In Smith's system, the natural non-violent movement of humans, or actions generated by humans, will lead to so-called natural prices, natural rates of profit and natural wage rates around which market prices, profit and wage rates will 'gravitate'.