MEASURING CONSUMER EXPENDITURES WITH PAYMENT DIARIES
比较了2012年消费者支付选择日记（DCPC）与其他支出估计数据，发现DCPC的支付额比消费者支出调查高75%，比个人消费支出高17%，与国民收入和生产账户的可支配收入大致相等，其成功归因于测量“购物篮”式大额支付、低受访负担和有效随机抽样。
Payment diaries measure consumer expenditures by tracking authorization of payments by instrument (cash, check, debit or credit card, etc.). Three notable results emerge from comparing the 2012 Diary of Consumer Payment Choice (DCPC) to other estimates of consumer expenditures: (1) DCPC payments are 75% higher than Consumer Expenditure Survey estimates; (2) DCPC consumption estimates are 17% higher than comparable personal consumption expenditure estimates; and (3) DCPC payments roughly equal comparably adjusted National Income and Product Accounts personal disposable income. The DCPC's relative success stems from measuring expenditures aggregated into lumpy payments (“shopping baskets”), relatively low respondent burden, and effective random sampling.