Peacekeeping Force: Effects of Providing Tactical Equipment to Local Law Enforcement
利用县级面板数据和公民投诉数据，研究向地方警察提供军事装备（如战术武器、光学设备、车辆）对公民投诉、袭警和罪犯死亡的影响，发现装备能减少投诉和袭警、增加毒品逮捕，且不增加罪犯死亡。
We provide the first local level empirical analysis of the causal effects of providing military equipment to local police. Employing a novel combination of publicly available county-year panel data matched to hand-collected data on citizen complaints, we investigate the effects of acquiring tactical weapons, optics, and vehicles on citizen complaints, assaults on police officers, and offender deaths. For causal identification, we exploit exogenous variation in equipment availability and cost-shifting institutional aspects of the 1033 Program. Our results indicate that these items have generally positive effects: reduced citizen complaints, reduced assaults on officers, increased drug crime arrests, and no increases in offender deaths.