Proximity and multinational enterprise co-location in clusters: a multiple case study of Dutch science parks
研究了邻近性对跨国企业在知识密集型集群（如荷兰科学园区）中共聚的影响，发现组织邻近性最重要，且低组织邻近性配合高社会与认知邻近性最有利于共聚。
This paper explores the role of proximity in strategic asset-seeking multinational enterprises’ (MNE) co-location in subnational knowledge/innovation intensive clusters. MNE co-location in three Dutch science parks is examined in terms of the perceived importance of geographic, cognitive, social, organisational and institutional proximity dimensions. While all five proximity dimensions are found to play a role, organisational proximity emerged as the most important factor influencing MNE co-location in the Dutch science parks. This paper argues, in contrast to expectations for a high degree of relatedness and reinforcing effects between the five proximities, that an ‘optimal’ proximity constellation of low organisational proximity together with high social and cognitive proximity fosters MNE co-location in knowledge intensive clusters, such as science parks.