Immigration Reform and the Earnings of Latino Workers: Do Employer Sanctions Cause Discrimination?
研究1986年《移民改革与控制法》对雇主制裁是否降低了美国西南部拉丁裔非农业工人的时薪，利用农业部门制裁延迟作为对照组，发现拉丁裔男性工资相对下降，而白人无此现象。
This paper investigates whether employer sanctions for hiring undocumented workers introduced by the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) adversely affected the hourly earnings of Latino workers in the southwestern United States.We exploit the staggering of the sanctions and employee verification requirements across sectors to estimate this effect.In particular, IRCA's employer-sanctions provisions were not extended to agricultural employers until 2 years after their imposition on nonagricultural employers.Hence, Latino agricultural workers provide a control group against which to compare changes in the wages of Latinos in nonagricultural employment.We find substantial pre-post IRCA declines in the hourly earnings of Latino nonagricultural workers relative to Latinos in agriculture.This pattern, however, is considerably stronger for Latino men than Latina women.We do not observe similar intersectoral shifts in relative wages among non-Latino white workers.In fact, the relative wage changes for non-Latino white workers are of the opposite sign.Finally, the pre-post IRCA relative decline in Latino nonagricultural wages reverses the pre-IRCA trend in which the relative earnings of Latino nonagricultural workers had been increasing. 1 For discussion of employer sanctions in Canada, France,