Calling circles: network competition with nonuniform calling patterns
建立了一个考虑非均匀通话模式的电信网络竞争模型，发现均衡通话价格偏离边际成本，且通话模式集中度影响竞争强度，为接入费监管和价格歧视提供了新见解。
We introduce a flexible model of telecommunications network competition with nonuniform calling patterns, accounting for the fact that customers tend to make most calls to a small set of similar people. Equilibrium call prices are distorted away from marginal cost, and competitive intensity is affected by the concentration of calling patterns. Contrary to previous predictions, jointly profit‐maximizing access charges are set above termination cost in order to dampen competition if calling patterns are sufficiently concentrated. We discuss implications for regulating access charges as well as on‐ and off‐net price discrimination.