Creative Class and Regional Growth: Empirical Evidence from Seven European Countries
基于七个欧洲国家500多个区域的数据，分析了创意阶层的区域分布及其对就业增长和创业的影响，发现宽容开放的环境能吸引创意阶层，但创意阶层与正规教育的人力资本效应孰优孰劣尚不明确。
abstract This article analyzes the regional distribution and economic effect of the “creative class” on the basis of a unique data set that covers more than 500 regions in 7 European countries. The creative class is unevenly geographically distributed across Europe; the analyses show that a regional climate of tolerance and openness has a strong and positive effect on a region's share of these people. Regional job opportunities also have a large effect on the size of a region's population of the creative class. The findings reveal some evidence of a positive relationship among creative class occupation, employment growth, and entrepreneurship at the regional level in a number of European countries. On the basis of the analysis, however, it is not clear whether human capital, measured by creative occupation, outperforms indicators that are based on formal education, or if formal education has the stronger effect.