Test Score Measurement and the Black-White Test Score Gap
针对黑-白考试成绩差距研究中的矛盾结论，提出一种对单调变换不变的考试成绩标准化方法，解决序数性问题，可作为稳健性检验工具。
Research as to the size of the black-white test score gap often comes to contradictory conclusions. Recent literature has affirmed that the source of these contradictions and other controversies in education economics may be due to the fact that test scores contain only ordinal information. In this paper, I propose a normalization of test scores that is invariant to monotonic transformations. Under fairly weak assumptions, this metric has interval properties and thus solves the ordinality problem. The measure can serve as a valuable robustness check to ensure that any results are not simply statistical artifacts from the choice of scale.