Are clusters resilient? Evidence from Canadian textile industries
利用加拿大工厂级数据，研究纺织服装产业集群内的企业在面对经济冲击时是否比集群外的企业更具韧性，发现整体上集群并未带来显著优势，但在受中国进口冲击最大的行业中，集群内企业短期内退出率较低。
We investigate whether plants inside and outside geographic clusters differ in their resilience to adverse economic shocks. To this end, we develop a bottom-up procedure to delimit clusters using Canadian geo-coded plant-level data. Focusing on the textile and clothing (T&C) sector and exploiting the series of dramatic changes faced by that sector between 2001 and 2013, we find little evidence that plants in T&C clusters are more resilient than plants outside clusters. Over the whole period, plants inside clusters are neither less likely to die nor more likely to adapt by switching their main line of business. However, in the industries the most exposed to the surge of Chinese imports after 2005, plants inside clusters die and exit less than others in the following 2 years.