An invitation to market design
通过三个实例（住院医师匹配、食品银行代币系统、无线频谱激励拍卖）展示如何用经济理论设计市场规则和基础设施，以解决市场失灵问题，适合对市场机制设计感兴趣的学者。
Market design seeks to translate economic theory and analysis into practical solutions to real-world problems. By redesigning both the rules that guide market transactions and the infrastructure that enables those transactions to take place, market designers can address a broad range of market failures. In this paper, we illustrate the process and power of market design through three examples: the design of medical residency matching programmes; a scrip system to allocate food donations to food banks; and the recent ‘Incentive Auction’ that reallocated wireless spectrum from television broadcasters to telecoms. Our lead examples show how effective market design can encourage participation, reduce gaming, and aggregate information, in order to improve liquidity, efficiency, and equity in markets. We also discuss a number of fruitful applications of market design in other areas of economic and public policy.