Impact of Carbon Regulations on the Supply Chain With Carbon Reduction Effort
研究了绝对上限和强度上限两种碳法规对供应链生产量和减排努力的影响，发现强度上限下更高的排放上限会降低单位产品碳排放但增加总产量，而绝对上限下排放上限与运营决策无关。
Regarding carbon emission as a principal cause of global warming, governments begin to take note of the urgency of emission reduction and propose feasible carbon regulations. Consumers also become more caring about the carbon emission factor when purchasing product. In response, the firms have exerted considerable efforts to reduce their emissions. In this paper, we investigate a supply chain facing carbon-sensitive demand market. Two major carbon regulations, absolute-cap (AC) and intensity-cap (IC), are considered. We explore the optimization problems for the centralized and decentralized models, and derive the optimal solutions for the production quantity as well as the emission reduction effort. We find that under regulation IC, a higher emission cap will lower the carbon emission of unit product but raise the total production quantity, while the emission cap is irrelevant to these operational decisions under regulation AC. In addition, the production quantity and the emission reduction effort under regulation AC are lower than those under regulation IC. We further show double marginalization within this supply chain manifests as not only a lower production quantity but also a higher unit carbon emission. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to obtain more insights.