The grounded city: from competitivity to the foundational economy
本文提出“扎根的城市”概念，认为城市发展受加速器和稳定器影响，其中基础经济（满足居民日常需求）是稳定器，建议城市关注内部可控因素以提升基础供给质量，而非单纯追求竞争力。
This article develops the concept of the ‘grounded city’ to argue that the development of cities can be analysed through specific accelerators and stabilisers. The city is grounded through its relation with a hinterland, which provides resources and revenues and thus governs city development. In modern cities, property development is an increasingly important accelerator, which shapes what is built and where. At the same time, the foundational economy—which meets the everyday needs of citizens for housing, utilities, food and mobility—is a stabiliser. It suggests a focus on controllable internal accelerators and stabilisers to improve the quality of foundational provision, rather than a view of cities competing for resources to pursue success through agglomeration.