Necessity or Opportunity? The Effects of State Fragility and Economic Development on Entrepreneurial Efforts
研究了国家脆弱性和经济发展水平如何影响基于必要性和机会的个人创业努力，发现国家脆弱性促进必要性创业但抑制机会型创业，而经济发展水平会减弱这种影响。
This paper studies the effects of state fragility and economic development on necessity and opportunity-based individual entrepreneurial efforts. We contribute to the literature on the contextual determinants of entrepreneurship by examining multilevel data on 956,925 individuals from 51 countries for the period of 2005–2013. We show that state fragility has a positive effect on necessity-based entrepreneurial efforts while hindering opportunity-based efforts. Our findings illustrate that the level of economic development moderates the relationship between state fragility and necessity-driven entrepreneurial efforts reducing the likelihood of the latter. We discuss the implications for theory and for proentrepreneurship policy.