Workforce Education and Technical Change Bias in U.S. Agriculture and Related Industries
研究发现美国农业及相关产业中，劳动力教育水平提升与技术发展密切相关，技术变革总体上节省劳动力，但减少了对高中以下学历工人的需求，并导致报告工资与技术调整后工资之间存在31%的差距。
The number of hours devoted to value added output in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) sector “Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting” is increasingly supplied by individuals with advanced schooling. Consistent with hypotheses of a positive relationship among technology development, adoption, and dissemination and a more highly‐skilled workforce, we first test and then conclude that the composition of the workforce is closely aligned with measures of the state of technology. Consistent with many other studies, technical change has been labor‐saving overall, yet technologies adopted have reduced both the absolute and relative numbers of workers not progressing beyond high school. The changing composition of the workforce and technical change have driven an average wedge of 31% between reported wages and wages augmented by our estimates of the state of technology. This gap was greater in the period prior to the mid 1980s, when many of the changes in the education levels of the labor force occurred. Using estimates from the entire 1947–2010 period, the quantity of work provided by the worker hired in 2010 was 31% greater than if no change in labor composition had occurred.