Stakeholder Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation Congruence, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Environmental Performance of Chinese Small and Medium‐sized Enterprises
研究了中国149家中小企业，发现利益相关者平均CSR导向能提升环境优势，但与环境问题呈倒U型关系；利益相关者CSR导向一致性会强化这一倒U型关系，而高创业导向会削弱这种强化作用。
Abstract Stakeholder studies have discovered that strong stakeholder corporate social responsibility (CSR) orientation can motivate firms to engage better in environmental activities. However, when multiple stakeholders are involved, strong yet incongruent stakeholder pressure may not lead to improved environmental performance. The authors integrate complexity science with stakeholder management theory to address this issue. Using a sample of 149 Chinese small and medium‐sized enterprises, they find that the average stakeholder's CSR orientation improves environmental strengths, but generates an inverted U‐shaped relationship with environmental concerns. Further, results indicate that the congruence in stakeholders’ CSR orientation enhances this inverted U‐shaped relationship, and that the moderating impact of congruence is weaker when entrepreneurial orientation is higher.