The Long Shadow of Police Racial Treatment: Racial Disparity in Criminal Justice Processing
利用纽约州逮捕数据，研究发现监狱量刑中的种族差异在法庭审理前就已存在，但量刑阶段差异相对逮捕有所缩小，提示学者应关注犯罪与逮捕环节，同时法庭实践仍值得研究。
Abstract This article explores racial disproportionality in criminal justice processing in an era of punitive criminal justice policies and mass incarceration. Using arrest data from New York State, the authors compare the racial disparity in prison sentencing with the disparity at arrest while controlling for crime type and criminal history of the arrest population. Findings show that the racial disparity in prison sentencing at the state level is established before courts begin criminal case proceedings. Scholars and policy makers interested in the sources of racial disparity in incarceration should concentrate on the processes that generate crime and arrests. However, a decrease in racial disparity at prison sentencing, relative to arrest, suggests that the practices of courtroom actors still merit scholarly attention .