Cash on delivery: Results of a randomized experiment to promote maternal health care in Kenya
在肯尼亚农村贫困孕妇中测试代金券、现金转移和短信对提高医院分娩率的效果，发现全额代金券和条件现金转移显著有效，而小额共付大幅降低代金券效果。
We conducted a randomized controlled experiment to test whether vouchers, cash transfers, and SMS messages were effective in boosting facility delivery rates among poor, pregnant women in rural Kenya. We find a strong effect of the full vouchers and the conditional cash transfers: 48% of women with access to both interventions delivered in a health facility, while only 36% of those with neither did. Amongst women who did not receive a cash transfer, we find that a small copayment dramatically reduced voucher effectiveness, suggesting a discontinuous impact of cost-sharing on the demand for health services. Both the unconditional cash transfer and the text messages had limited effect on the use of health services. Finally, we also find no evidence that a government policy to eliminate user fees increased demand for maternal health services.