How Elections Matter: Theory and Evidence from Environmental Policy*
通过构建二维政治代理模型，研究选举激励如何影响次要政策（如环境政策），并用美国各州面板数据验证，发现选举激励对次要政策有显著影响，挑战了游说主导的观点。
This paper explores to what extent secondary policy issues are influenced by electoral incentives.We develop a two dimensional political agency model in which a politician decides on both a frontline policy issue and a secondary policy issue.The model predicts when the incumbent should manipulate the secondary policy to attract voters.We test our model by using panel data on environmental policy choices in the U.S. states.In contrast to the popular view that secondary policies are largely determined by lobbying, we find strong effects of electoral incentives.