The impact of a household biogas programme on energy use and expenditure in East Java
利用东爪哇农村奶牛养殖户的面板数据，评估家庭沼气项目对能源使用和支出的影响，发现沼气池显著降低能源支出并减少柴火和液化石油气的使用，但补贴不足时投资回收期长达11-14年。
Biogas has been promoted as a renewable, cleaner and cheaper energy source.While there are several initiatives \npromoting the use of biogas, credible analyses of its effects on the use of alternative energy sources and energy \nrelated expenditure are limited. This study uses panel data from households engaged in dairy farming in rural \nEast Java to assess the impact of a household level programme, which promotes the construction of digesters \nthat produce biogas, on energy use and expenditures. Both a difference-in-difference analysis and a pipeline comparison \nshow that the use of digesters leads to a sharp reduction in energy related expenditures and a reduction \nin the use of firewood and liquefied petroleum gas. However, without subsidies, the payback period of between \n11 and 14 years, albeit based only on reductions in energy costs accruing frominvesting in a digester, is perhaps \ntoo long to justify the investment.