MORE THAN A FEELING: CONFIDENCE, UNCERTAINTY, AND MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS
综述了情绪（信心与不确定性）与经济活动的文献，基于27国1985-2016年月度数据，发现各国情绪指标间相关性低但跨国相关性高，消费者信心与经济金融变量同步或前瞻性联动最强。
Abstract Economists, observers, and policy‐makers often emphasize the role of sentiment as a potential driver of the business cycle. In this paper, we provide three contributions to this debate. First, we give an overview of the recent literature on the nexus between sentiment (considering both confidence and uncertainty) and economic activity. Second, we review existing empirical measures of sentiment, in particular consumer confidence, stock market volatility (SMV) and Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU), on monthly data for 27 countries, 1985–2016. Third, we identify some new stylized facts based on international evidence. While different measures are surprisingly lowly correlated on average in each country, they are typically highly positively correlated across countries, suggesting the existence of a global factor or sizeable international spillovers of sentiment. Consumer confidence has the closest co‐movement with economic and financial variables, and most of the correlations are contemporaneous or forward‐looking, consistent with the view that economic sentiment is indeed a driver of activity.