Optimal environmental road pricing and daily commuting patterns
研究了污染扩散随时间变化对最优道路定价的影响，发现需要随时间变化的定价来让司机内化拥堵和污染的时变社会成本，并分析了定价对车流、到达时间和通勤人数的影响。
Road pricing can improve air quality by reducing and spreading traffic flows. Nevertheless, air quality does not depend only on traffic flows, but also on pollution dispersion. In this paper we investigate the effects of the temporal variation in pollution dispersion on optimal road pricing, and show that time-varying road pricing is needed to make drivers internalize the social costs of both time-varying congestion and time-varying pollution. To this end, we develop an ecological economics model that takes into account the effects of road pricing on daily commuting patterns. We characterize the optimal road pricing when pollution dispersion varies over the day and analyze its effects on traffic flows, arrival times, and the number of commuters by car.