Scheduled to work hard: The relationship between non‐standard working hours and work intensity among European workers (2005–2015)
利用欧洲工作条件调查数据，研究了工时调整（时长、分布和灵活性）对工作强度的影响，发现非标准工时（如长时工作、夜班、周末班）与更高工作强度相关，且这种影响取决于谁控制排班。
Abstract Work intensity is of central importance for organisational performance, as well as workers' health and well‐being, yet its determinants at the workplace‐level remain underresearched. This article addresses this gap by examining consequences of working time adjustments for work intensity and the role of control over scheduling in influencing when working time adjustments have stronger effect on work intensity. Working hours are analysed on three dimensions: duration, distribution and flexibility. Analysis uses the European Working Conditions Survey (2005–2015) and a sample of employees from EU28 countries. Findings reveal that work intensity is closely related to the timing of work. Working long days or weeks, at night, on weekends, and with changes in hours imposed by employers is associated with more intense work. Moreover, the impact of non‐standard hours on work intensity differs depending on who (workers or employers) has control over their scheduling.