Divide to conquer? Limits to the adaptability of disintegrated, flexible specialization clusters
通过仿真模型研究分散化灵活专业化集群的适应性，发现其优势仅在产品复杂度低且企业数量多时成立，且会增加企业失败风险，因此需要强劲的创业活力来维持集群生存。
This article investigates the role of disintegration for the adaptability of clusters. It develops a simulation model to test when disintegrated flexible specialization clusters can be more adjustable than those with firm centred, quasi-integrated production networks. The benefits to flexible specialization are conditional on limited product complexity and greater firm numbers. Moreover, flexible specialization increases the risk of firm failure. For the viability of such clusters, strong start-up dynamics are therefore required. These results provide an explanation for the contrasting evidence on flexible specialization and adaptability in Italian districts and the Silicon Valley–Boston 128 case.