Can Maternity Benefits Have Long-Term Effects on Childbearing? Evidence from Soviet Russia
研究了苏联1981年扩大产假福利对女性终身生育数量的影响，发现该政策使生育率在12个月内上升8.2%，且效果持续十年，主要体现为已有子女的老年女性生育更多孩子。
This paper quantifies the effects of Russia’s 1981 expansion in maternity benefits on completed childbearing. The program provided one year of partially paid parental leave and a small cash transfer upon a child’s birth. I exploit the program’s two-stage implementation and find evidence that women had more children as a result of the program. Fertility rates rose immediately by 8.2% over twelve months. The increase in fertility rates not only persisted for the ten-year duration of the program, but it reflected large increases in higher-order births to older women who already had children before the program started.