Creativity Over Time and Space
研究了11至19世纪欧洲杰出个体的数据，发现城市制度（保护经济政治自由和促进地方自治）与创造力的产生和吸引相关，而城市规模、实际工资等经济指标则不能预测创造力集群。
Abstract Creativity is often highly concentrated in time and space, and across different domains. What explains the formation and decay of clusters of creativity? We match data on notable individuals born in Europe between the eleventh and the nineteenth centuries with historical city data. The production and attraction of creative talent is associated with city institutions that protected economic and political freedoms and promoted local autonomy. Instead, indicators of local economic conditions such as city size and real wages, do not predict creative clusters. We also show that famous creatives are spatially concentrated and clustered across disciplines, that their spatial mobility has remained stable over the centuries, and that creative clusters are persistent but less than population.