Engel's Law in the Global Economy: Demand‐Induced Patterns of Structural Change, Innovation, and Trade
通过一个包含非齐次偏好和连续部门的双国模型，研究了恩格尔定律（收入弹性差异导致的需求结构变化）如何影响就业与增加值构成、创新率与生产率变化、国家间贸易模式以及产品周期，发现全球化放大了国内需求结构差异对结构变化的驱动作用。
Endogenous demand composition across sectors due to income elasticity differences, or Engel's Law for brevity, affects (i) sectoral compositions in employment and in value‐added, (ii) variations in innovation rates and in productivity change across sectors, (iii) intersectoral patterns of trade across countries, and (iv) product cycles from rich to poor countries. Using a two‐country model of directed technical change with a continuum of sectors under nonhomothetic preferences, which is rich enough to capture all these effects as well as their interactions, this paper offers a unifying perspective on how economic growth and globalization affect the patterns of structural change, innovation, and trade across countries and across sectors in the presence of Engel's Law. Among the main messages is that globalization amplifies, instead of reducing, the power of endogenous domestic demand composition differences as a driver of structural change.