Differential Pricing in Intermediate Good Markets
研究上游垄断企业根据向下游企业供货成本的不同实行差别定价，发现与基于需求的歧视不同，基于成本的差别定价能有效优化生产，并在总产出和消费者福利不降低时提升社会福利。
This paper studies differential pricing by an upstream monopolist whose cost to supply the intermediate good differs across buyers in the downstream. It is shown that, different from demand‐based price discrimination, cost‐based differential pricing shifts production efficiently. If total output (and consumer welfare) is weakly increased under differential pricing as opposed to uniform pricing, as is true for weakly convex final market demand functions, social welfare is strictly improved. The analysis is extended to the case in which both the upstream monopolist's cost to serve the downstream firms and the downstream firms’ cost to produce the final good differ.