Bounds on Treatment Effects From Studies With Imperfect Compliance
本文给出了在随机分配但依从不完全的实验研究中，平均处理效应的非参数界公式，这些界是最紧的，即使依从率低也能提供有用信息。
Abstract This article establishes nonparametric formulas that can be used to bound the average treatment effect in experimental studies in which treatment assignment is random but subject compliance is imperfect. The bounds provided are the tightest possible, given the distribution of assignments, treatments, and responses. The formulas show that even with high rates of noncompliance, experimental data can yield useful and sometimes accurate information on the average effect of a treatment on the population.