Ethnic Diversity and Growth: Revisiting the Evidence
研究发现，在较小地理区域内，族群多样性与经济增长呈正相关，在非洲，这种正相关源于族群边界因专业化而增加的贸易。
Abstract The relationship between ethnic heterogeneity and economic growth is complex. Empirical research working with cross-country data finds a negative, or statistically insignificant, relationship. However, analysis at the city level finds a positive effect of diversity on wages and productivity. Generally there is a trade-off between the economic benefits of diversity and the costs of heterogeneity. Using cells of fixed size, we find that the relationship between diversity and growth is positive for small geographical areas. In the case of Africa, we argue that the explanation is the increase in trade at the boundaries between ethnic groups due to ethnic specialization.