The international epidemiological transition and the education gender gap
研究了20世纪下半叶国际流行病学转型对男女教育程度的影响，发现健康改善使女性预期寿命增长更多，进而缩小了教育性别差距。
Abstract We explore the impact of the international epidemiological transition on educational attainment of males and females over the second half of the twentieth century. Using an instrumental variables strategy that exploits pre-existing variation in mortality rates across infectious diseases and gender differences in the responsiveness to the method of disease control, we document that health improvements associated with the transition led to larger gains in life expectancy for females due to their stronger immune response to vaccination. These relative gains were associated with greater increases in the educational attainment of females compared to males and account for a large share of the reduction in the education gender gap that took place over this period.