Stuck in the Middle: Off-Farm Employment and Caregiving Among Middle-Aged Rural Chinese
基于CHARLS基线数据，研究照料孙辈和年迈父母如何影响中国农村中年人的非农就业参与、工作时间和年收入，发现照料孙辈有显著负效应，而照料父母则不然。
Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011–12 baseline data, this contribution explores to what extent taking care of grandchildren and frail parents influences rural middle-aged Chinese adults’ off-farm employment. The findings show that, conditional on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, taking care of grandchildren has a negative effect on rural middle-aged men's and women's off-farm job participation and hours worked. Caregiving for parents does not have the same negative effects on off-farm employment and hours worked. Furthermore, the study finds that annual earnings are also negatively affected by caregiving responsibilities, especially for women and men taking care of grandchildren.