Informality and Micro Entrepreneurs in Developing Countries: Findings from Delhi, India
基于印度德里506家制造业和服务业微型企业的调查数据，比较了注册与非注册企业的特征，发现非注册企业虽规模小、经营者教育水平低，但利润率更高，并通过流程创新和应对行政能力弥补固定资本不足。
As a case study of the urban informal sector in developing countries, this paper examines small and micro entrepreneurs in Delhi, India, using a primary dataset collected by the author. Out of 506 sample entrepreneurs in the manufacturing and service sectors, 46% were unregistered with the government. The descriptive analysis comparing registered (less informal) and unregistered (more informal) enterprises reveals the followings. Unregistered firms were smaller and headed by less educated entrepreneurs than registered ones. Unregistered firms performed better than registered ones in terms of profit rates. Their disadvantage in fixed capital investment is compensated by active innovation in process and marketing and better ability to cope with the police and administration. In the micro and small enterprises sector in Delhi, registered and unregistered firms coexist with different kinds of superiority.