Goods Donations Increase Charitable Credit for Low-Warmth Donors
研究发现，低温暖捐赠者通过捐赠实物而非金钱，能更有效地传递利他意图，从而获得与高温暖捐赠者相当的慈善信誉。
Low-warmth actors are often assumed to lack communal (or other-oriented) intentions, even when acting generously. Low-warmth donors must therefore send stronger signals of their communal intent when donating to receive the same amount of charitable credit as high-warmth donors. Because goods are linked with communal norms, we find that donating goods allows low-warmth donors to signal communal intent and increase charitable credit received. Study 1 establishes that low-warmth donors receive less credit for unspecified donations than their high-warmth counterparts. Studies 2A and 2B show that goods donations, compared to equally valued monetary or unspecified donations, increase charitable credit for low-warmth donors. Studies 3A and 3B show that donating goods boosts charitable credit for low-warmth donors in particular; high-warmth donors are assumed to have communal intentions, and receive large amounts of credit, regardless of donation type. Finally, study 4 shows that low-warmth donors can increase charitable credit for monetary donations by describing the donation in communal terms—specifically, as a gift. This research has clear practical implications. For example, many corporations are viewed as low warmth, and most corporate donations are monetary, yet companies always have the option to donate goods instead.