Payment Evasion
研究了企业如何通过设定购买价格和对逃避支付者的罚款，来区分不可观察的消费者类型，并发现更高的罚款不一定减少逃避行为，用公共交通逃票数据说明。
Abstract This paper shows that a firm can use the purchase price and the fine imposed on detected payment evaders to discriminate between unobservable consumer types. Assuming that consumers self‐select into regular buyers and payment evaders, we show that the firm typically engages in second‐degree price discrimination in which the purchase price exceeds the expected fine. In addition, we find that higher fines do not necessarily reduce payment evasion. We illustrate with data from fare dodging on public transportation.