Empty homes, longer commutes: The unintended consequences of more restrictive local planning
研究利用英格兰350个地方当局30年面板数据，发现更严格的地方规划限制导致住房空置率上升（标准差增加使空置率提高0.9个百分点）和通勤距离增加6.1%，揭示了地方住房与劳动市场的相互依赖及规划政策的非预期负面影响。
We investigate the impact of land use regulation on housing vacancy rates. Using a 30-year panel dataset on land use regulation for 350 English Local Authorities (LAs) and addressing potential reverse causation and other endogeneity concerns, we find that tighter local planning constraints increase local housing vacancy rates: a one standard deviation increase in restrictiveness causes the local vacancy rate to increase by 0.9 percentage points (23%). The same increase in local restrictiveness also causes a 6.1% rise in commuting distances. The results underline the interdependence of local housing and Labour markets and the unintended adverse impact of more restrictive planning policies.