Poverty, Aspirations, and the Economics of Hope
本文提出一个理解希望与志向在经济发展中作用的框架，基于心理学文献构建希望的经济模型，阐明希望如何通过志向、能动性和路径三个要素影响发展干预的效果。
We propose a framework for understanding the role of hope and aspirations in economic development. We review literature related to hope from philosophy, theology, and psychology, as well its relationship to emerging work on aspirations in development economics. We then build an economic model of hope based on recent psychology literature that understands hope as a function of aspirations, agency, and pathways. This model of hope illustrates the vital role hope can play in the realization of causal effects from development interventions and how these effects emerge from the impact and interaction of three constituent elements of hope. By clarifying definitions and relationships among these concepts and by leveraging relevant work from other disciplines, we aim to create a framework within which economists can engage in rigorous empirical and experimental work that seeks to better understand the role of hope and aspirations in economic development.