Long-Term Effects of Childhood Nutrition: Evidence from a School Lunch Reform
研究瑞典1959-1969年免费学校午餐项目对儿童成年后收入、教育和健康的长期影响，发现该项目使终身收入提高3%，且对贫困家庭儿童效果更大，有助于减少社会经济不平等。
Abstract We study the long-term impact of a policy-driven change in childhood nutrition. For this purpose, we evaluate a program that rolled out nutritious school lunches free of charge to all pupils in Swedish primary schools between 1959 and 1969. We estimate the impact of the program on children’s economic, educational, and health outcomes throughout life. Our results show that the school lunch program generated substantial long-term benefits, where pupils exposed to the program during their entire primary school period have 3% higher lifetime income. The effect was greater for pupils that were exposed at earlier ages and for pupils from poor households, suggesting that the program reduced socioeconomic inequalities in adulthood. Exposure to the program also had substantial effects on educational attainment and health, which can explain a large part of the effect of the program on lifetime income.