Differences in Management Practices of Founding and Nonfounding Chief Executives of Human Service Organizations
基于组织生命周期理论，调查比较了37位创始人与133位非创始人CEO的管理实践，发现创始人更倾向于采用能增强其直接指挥和监督组织事务能力的管理方式。
Drawing hypotheses from theories of organizational life cycles, this survey compared the management practices of 37 founding and 133 nonfounding chief executives of human service organizations. The differences observed are interpreted as suggesting that founders may be more likely than nonfounders to manage in ways that afford them greater ability to direct and oversee organizational matters.