How consumers respond to product certification and the value of energy information
研究美国消费者如何应对强制性能耗标签和简单星级认证两种信息，发现认证可能帮助部分消费者关注能源信息，但也可能挤掉对更准确但复杂信息的处理，对整体能耗的影响不确定。
Abstract I study how consumers respond to competing pieces of information that differ in their degree of complexity and informativeness. In particular, I study the choice of refrigerators in the United States, where a mandatory disclosure labelling program provides detailed information about energy cost, and a certification labelling program provides a simple binary‐star rating related to energy use. I find that the coarse certification may help some consumers to pay attention to energy information, but for others, it may crowd out efforts to process more accurate, but complex, energy information. The effect of the certification on overall energy use is thus ambiguous.