The effect of geographical proximity and rivalry on performance: evidence from the English Football League
利用英格兰足球联赛21个赛季的俱乐部排名数据，采用空间计量方法检验俱乐部表现是否受地理邻近俱乐部更好表现的正面影响，发现空间依赖确实存在。
Using data on league position for clubs that have participated in English football leagues for 21 seasons, this paper tests, using spatial econometric techniques, whether clubs’ within-season performances are positively affected by better performances of other clubs located geographically closer to them. The paper provides evidence of positive spatial dependence between clubs’ performance. This means that proximity to high-performing clubs drives others to perform better, ceteris paribus. This is consistent with the view in regional analysis that spatial factors are important considerations in understanding business performance.